Ukungqubuzana kwe-geopolitical eminyakeni yamuva nje kucekele phansi imboni yensimbi yase-Ukraine.Izibalo ze-World Steel Association zibonisa ukuthi ezweni elaliyiSoviet Union, ukukhiqizwa kwensimbi engahluziwe yase-Ukraine kwenza isilinganiso samathani angaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-50 ngonyaka;ngo-2021, ukukhiqizwa kwayo kwensimbi engahluziwe kwase kwehle kwafinyelela kumathani ayizigidi ezingama-21.4.Ethintwe ukungqubuzana kwe-geopolitical, ezinye zezigayo zensimbi zase-Ukraine zicekelwe phansi, kanti ukukhiqizwa kwayo kwensimbi engahluziwe ngo-2022 nakho kwehle kwafinyelela kumathani ayizigidi eziyisi-6.3, kwehle kwafika ku-71%.Ngokwezibalo ze-Ukrainian Steel Trade Association (Ukrmetalurgprom), ngaphambi kukaFebhuwari 2022, i-Ukraine inezigayo zensimbi ezingaphezu kweziyi-10 ezinkulu neziphakathi nendawo, ezinenani eliphelele lokukhiqiza insimbi engahluziwe engamathani ayizigidi ezingama-25.3, futhi ngemuva kokugqashuka kwengxabano yezwe. izigayo zensimbi eziyisithupha kuphela ezisele ezinomthamo wokukhiqiza insimbi engahluziwe engaba amathani ayizigidi eziyi-17.Nokho, ngokohlelo lwakamuva lombiko wokubikezela isidingo sesikhathi esifushane se-World Steel Association okhishwe ngo-Okthoba kulo nyaka, ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni yensimbi yase-Ukraine kancane kancane kuyathuthuka futhi kuzinza.Lokhu kungase kunikeze umfutho ekuvuseleleni kabusha imboni yensimbi yezwe.
Uhlelo lokwakha kabusha lusiza isidingo sensimbi sibe ngcono.
Isidingo sensimbi e-Ukraine sesithuthukile, sizuza ohlelweni lokwakha kabusha izwe, phakathi kwezinye izici.Idatha evela ku-Ukraine Iron and Steel Trade Association yabonisa ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kwensimbi engahluziwe yase-Ukraine ezinyangeni eziyi-10 zokuqala zika-2023 kwakungamathani ayizigidi ezingu-5.16, kwehle ngo-11.7% unyaka nonyaka;ukukhiqizwa kwensimbi yezingulube kwakungamathani ayizigidi ezingu-4.91, phansi ngo-15.6% unyaka nonyaka;kanti ukukhiqizwa kwensimbi bekungamathani ayizigidi ezi-4.37, kwehle ngo-13% unyaka nonyaka.Sekuyisikhathi eside, cishe i-80% yemikhiqizo yensimbi yase-Ukraine ithunyelwe kwamanye amazwe.Ngonyaka odlule, ngenxa yokuphindaphindeka kwezindleko zikaloliwe wezimpahla kanye nokuvinjwa kwamachweba esifundeni soLwandle Olumnyama, izinkampani zensimbi zezwe zilahlekelwe imigudu yokuthekelisa ekahle neshibhile.
Ngemuva kokucekelwa phansi kwengqalasizinda kagesi, izinkampani eziningi zensimbi kuleli ziphoqelekile ukuthi zivalwe.Kodwa-ke, njengoba uhlelo lwamandla e-Ukraine selubuyile ekusebenzeni, iningi labakhiqizi bamandla bezwe sebeyakwazi ukuhlangabezana nesidingo sikagesi ezimbonini, kodwa kusenesidingo sokuqhubeka nokwenza ngcono izimo zokuhlinzekwa kukagesi.Ukwengeza, imboni yensimbi yezwe idinga ngokuphuthumayo ukuhlela kabusha uchungechunge lwayo lokuhlinzeka futhi yethule imizila emisha yezokuthutha.Njengamanje, amanye amabhizinisi ezwe asevele esungule kabusha imizila yokuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe ngokusebenzisa amachweba aseYurophu kanye nechweba lase-Izmir elisezansi neDanube eningizimu ye-Ukraine, ukuqinisekisa umthamo oyisisekelo.
Imakethe eyinhloko yemikhiqizo yensimbi neyensimbi yase-Ukraine ibilokhu iyisifunda se-European Union, futhi ukuthengiswa okuyinhloko kuhlanganisa insimbi yensimbi, imikhiqizo eseqediwe, njalonjalo.Ngakho-ke, ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni yensimbi yase-Ukraine kuncike kakhulu esimweni somnotho esifundeni se-EU.Kusukela ekuqaleni kwe-2023, izinkampani eziyisishiyagalolunye ezinkulu zensimbi zaseYurophu zimemezele ukuqaliswa kabusha noma ukubuyiselwa kwamandla azo okukhiqiza, njengoba amasheya abanye abasabalalisi baseYurophu aphelile ngoDisemba 2022.Kanye nokutholwa kokukhiqizwa kwensimbi, amanani entengo yomkhiqizo wensimbi abone ukwanda kwesidingo sensimbi ephuma ezinkampanini zensimbi zaseYurophu.Ngenxa yokuvinjwa kwamachweba oLwandle Olumnyama, imakethe ye-EU nayo isalokhu ibalulekile ezinkampanini ze-iron ore zase-Ukraine.Ngokusho kwesibikezelo se-Ukraine Steel Trade Association, ngo-2023, ukuthunyelwa kwezwe kwemikhiqizo yensimbi kuzofinyelela ku-53%, ukuqala kabusha ukuthunyelwa kwemikhumbi kulindeleke ukuthi kuqhubeke kwanda;ukukhiqizwa kwensimbi sekukonke kuzokwenyuka kuye kumathani ayizigidi eziyisi-6.5, ichweba ngemuva kokuvulwa kwamathuba okuphindeka kabili.
Ezinye izinkampani seziqalile ukwenza izinhlelo zokuqalisa kabusha ukukhiqiza.
Yize kunzima ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kwensimbi yase-Ukraine kusheshe kubuyele ezingeni ngaphambi kokuthi kuqubuke udweshu, ezinye izinkampani kuleli seziqalile ukwenza izinhlelo zokuthi ziqale kabusha ukukhiqiza.
Idatha evela ku-Ukraine Steel Trade Association ibonisa ukuthi ngo-2022, isilinganiso sonyaka sokusebenzisa amandla embonini yensimbi yase-Ukraine sizoba ngama-30 kuphela%.Imboni yensimbi yezwe ikhombisa izimpawu zokuqala zokuba ngcono ngo-2023 njengoba ukuhlinzekwa kukagesi kuzinza.NgoFebhuwari 2023, ukukhiqizwa kwensimbi engahluziwe kwezinkampani zensimbi zase-Ukraine kukhuphuke ngo-49.3% ngenyanga, kwafinyelela amathani angama-424,000;ukukhishwa kwensimbi kukhuphuke ngo-30% inyanga nenyanga, kwafinyelela amathani angu-334,000.
Izinkampani zezimayini zezwe zizibophezele ekubuyiseleni imishini yokukhiqiza.Njengamanje, izinkampani ezine zezimayini nezokucubungula ngaphansi kwe-Metinvest Group zisakhiqiza ngokujwayelekile, ngezinga lokusebenzisa amandla kusuka ku-25% kuya ku-40%.Iqembu lihlela ukubuyisela amandla ezimayini ku-30% wamazinga angaphambi kokungqubuzana kuyilapho ligxile ekukhiqizeni ama-pellet.Ngo-March 2023, umugqa wesibili wokukhiqiza i-pellet we-Ferrexpo, oqhuba ibhizinisi lezimayini zensimbi e-Ukraine, waqala ukusebenza.Njengamanje, inkampani inenani lemigqa yokukhiqiza ye-pellet engu-4 ekukhiqizeni, futhi izinga lokusebenzisa amandla selifinyelele ku-50%.
Izinkampani ezisezindaweni ezinkulu zokukhiqiza insimbi zisabhekene nezingozi eziningi
Ngokuqondene nesimo samanje, ezindaweni eziyinhloko ezikhiqiza insimbi yase-Ukraine njengeZaporozh, iKrivoy Rog, iNikopol, iDnipro, neKamiansk, kusenezinkampani zensimbi ezibhekene nezindawo zokukhiqiza kanye nengqalasizinda yamandla.Izingozi ezifana nokucekelwa phansi nokuphazamiseka kokuhamba.
Ukwakhiwa kabusha kwemboni kuheha abatshalizimali abaningi baphesheya kwezilwandle
Nakuba ingxabano yaseRussia ne-Ukraine idale ukulahlekelwa okukhulu embonini yensimbi yase-Ukraine, izinkampani zensimbi zase-Ukraine zisaqiniseka ngekusasa.Abatshalizimali bamasu angaphandle nabo banethemba mayelana namandla embonini yensimbi yase-Ukraine.Abanye ochwepheshe babikezela ukuthi ukwakhiwa kabusha kwemboni yensimbi yase-Ukraine kuzoheha amashumi ezigidigidi zamaRandi ekutshalweni kwezimali.
NgoMeyi 2023, kuForamu Yebhizinisi Lokwakha eyayise-Kiev, i-SMC, inkampani ephethwe yi-Metinvest Group, yahlongoza ngokusemthethweni uhlelo lokwakha kabusha lukazwelonke olubizwa ngokuthi "Iphupho Lensimbi".Le nkampani ihlela ukuklama izinhlobo ze-13 zezakhiwo zensimbi, okuhlanganisa izakhiwo zokuhlala (izindlu zokulala namahhotela), izindlu zengqalasizinda yezenhlalakahle (izikole, izinkulisa, imitholampilo), kanye nezindawo zokupaka izimoto, izikhungo zezemidlalo kanye nezindawo zokukhosela ezingaphansi komhlaba.I-SMC ibikezela ukuthi i-Ukraine izodinga amathani ensimbi angaba yizigidi ezi-3.5 ukuze kwakhiwe kabusha izindlu zasekhaya nengqalasizinda, okuzothatha iminyaka emi-5 kuye kweyi-10.Ezinyangeni eziyisithupha ezedlule, ababambisene ababalelwa ku-50 ezweni bajoyine uhlelo lwe-Steel Dream, okuhlanganisa izigayo zensimbi, abakhiqizi befenisha nabakhi bezinto zokwakha.
NgoMashi 2023, iPosco Holdings Group yaseNingizimu Korea yasungula ngokukhethekile iqembu elisebenzayo elithi "Ukraine Recovery", eligxile kumaphrojekthi ahlobene emikhakheni emihlanu emikhulu ehlanganisa insimbi yase-Ukraine, okusanhlamvu, izinto zebhethri lesibili, amandla nengqalasizinda.I-Posco Holdings ihlela ukubamba iqhaza kumaphrojekthi endawo wokwenza insimbi angangeni kwemvelo.INingizimu Korea kanye ne-Ukraine bazophinde bahlole ngokuhlanganyela izindlela zokwakha eziyimodyuli zezakhiwo zensimbi, ngaleyo ndlela zifinyeze kakhulu isikhathi sokwakha somsebenzi wokwakha kabusha.Njengendlela yokwakha emisha, ukwakhiwa kwe-modular kuqala kwakheka kuqala i-70% kuya ku-80% yezingxenye zensimbi efektri bese izihambisa endaweni ukuze zihlanganiswe.Lokhu kunganciphisa isikhathi sokwakha ngo-60%, futhi izingxenye zensimbi zingaphinda zisetshenziswe ngokuphumelelayo.
NgoJuni 2023, eNgqungqutheleni Yokubuyisela Yase-Ukraine eyayiseLondon, eNgilandi, i-Metinvest Group kanye nePrimetals Technologies yajoyina ngokusemthethweni iplatifomu ethi "Green Recovery of the Ukraine Steel Industry".Inkundla iyisinyathelo esisemthethweni sikahulumeni wase-Ukraine futhi ihlose ukusekela ukwakhiwa kabusha kwemboni yensimbi yezwe futhi ekugcineni ivuselele imboni yase-Ukraine ngoguquko oluluhlaza embonini yensimbi.
Kulinganiselwa ukuthi kuzodla i-Ukraine amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-20 kuya kwezingama-40 zamaRandi ukuze kusungulwe uchungechunge lwenani lensimbi eluhlaza.Uma uchungechunge lwenani seluqediwe, i-Ukraine kulindeleke ukuthi ikhiqize amathani afinyelela ku-15 million "yensimbi eluhlaza" ngonyaka.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-20-2023